Hydrocarbon molecules that provide energy through combustion in engines; octane improves performance, while cetane aids smooth ignition.

The primary component of natural gas; a clean-burning fuel used for electricity generation and heating.

The main element in coal that burns to release heat energy for power generation and industrial use.

A semiconductor material used in photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity.

Key chemical in lithium-ion batteries, storing and releasing electrical energy for portable devices and electric vehicles.

Renewable fuel derived from plants (like sugarcane or corn) that burns cleanly and reduces carbon emissions.

Used as a clean energy carrier that reacts with oxygen in fuel cells to produce electricity and water as a by-product.